Ceramics and Composite Materials

Using the Heisenberg principle and the definition of complementarity as defined by Max Jammer, formalism is developed, based on the concept that determinate and indeterminate aspects of phenomena are mutually independent and that they occur joined in nature in such a manner that one of both dominates an observation and the other occurs as a small disturbance. Combining this starting point with relativity theory, space may be considered as a finite physical item, having an extremely low energy density and a potential equal to that of mass. The basic item in the theory is the Heisenberg-unit, defined as a constant amount of potential energy and supplied with complementary attributes of time, space and charge. Only by interaction with another Heisenberg unit, potential energy can be transformed into physical items. Space is described in a geometrical way. The resulting complementary language creates a bridge between large- and small-scale phenomena. A series of elementary particles as well as the four forces of nature, neutron decay and gravitational waves can be described; the laws of Maxwell emerge in an easy way. Moreover four distinct types of electrons have been found, having features being unknown in classical physics. For instance they may have an unexpected large distance to a belonging atom, or a short-range magnetic field around. The geometrical description of their spatial features seems to make these descriptions suitable to apply rather straightforward to experimental results.