Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Kenji Uchino
The Pennsylvania State University, USA
Keynote: Glory of piezoelectric perovskitess
Time : 08:30-09:00
Biography:
Kenji Uchino is the pioneer in “piezoelectric actuators”, is the Founding Director of International Center for Actuators and Transducers, Professor of EE and MatSE, and Distinguished Faculty of Schreyer Honors College at The Penn State University. He was the Founder and Senior Vice President of Micromechatronics Inc., State College, PA from 2004 till 2010, and Associate Director at Office of Naval Research-Global from 2010 till 2014. After his PhD degree from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, he became Research Associate in 1976 at this university. Then, he joined Sophia University, Japan as an Associate Professor in 1985. He was recruited from The Penn State in 1991. He has authored 570 papers, 75 books and 31 patents in the ceramic actuator area. 48 papers/books have been cited more than 100 times, leading to his average h-index 70. He is the Fellow of American Ceramic Society and IEEE. He is currently the IEEE UFFC Distinguished Lecturer.
Abstract:
The perovskite ceramics are current primary piezoelectric materials widely commercialized and applied to various devices such as sensors and actuators. This paper reviews the piezoelectric perovskite history and forecasts the future development trend. BaTiO3 (BT) ceramics were discovered during World War II independently in three countries, US, Japan and Russia. Following the methodology taken for the BT discovery, the perovskite isomorphic oxides such as PbTiO3, PbZrO3 and their solid solutions were intensively studied. In particular, the discovery of super piezoelectricity in the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) system is noteworthy. In parallel to the PZT-based ternary solid solutions development, complex perovskite structure materials were synthesized and investigated in the 1950s. Among them, huge dielectric permittivity
was reported in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN), which became major ceramic compositions for high-K capacitors in the 1980s. It is noteworthy to introduce two epoch-making discoveries in the late 1970s, relating with electromechanical couplings in the relaxor ferroelectrics: electrostrictive actuator materials, and high k piezoelectric single crystals. The author’s group focused on the single crystal Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 solid solution system, which has a phase diagram similar to the PZT system.
Figure: Changes in electromechanical coupling factors with PT faction x in (1–x) Pb (Zn1/3Nb2/3) O3-xPbTiO3.
Keynote Forum
P N De Aza
Miguel Hernández University, Spain
Keynote: Eutectoids: A new bioceramic materials for bone tissue engineering
Time : 09:00-09:30
Biography:
P N de Aza has received her Doctoral degree in Chemistry-Ceramin 1995. She did a Postdoctoral stage at the IRC in Biomaterials at the Queen Mary College, University of London, UK working on in vitro and in vivo behavior of bioceramics. At this moment, she is the Chair of the Materials Science, Optic and Electronic Technology Department, Professor of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Researcher at the Bioengineering Institute at the Miguel Hernandez
de Elche University.
Abstract:
Bone tissue engineering provides an alternative way to repair diseased or damaged tissue and to recover its original state and function. In the tissue engineering approach, a highly porous artificial material, or scaffold, is employed as a template to facilitate the cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Therefore, these materials must satisfy the requirements of biocompatible, osteoconductivity, controlled degradation, and provide adequate mechanical properties. A new route for obtaining bioactive ceramic materials, to improve the ingrowth of new bone into implants (osseintegration), is presented. This consitits of attaining eutectoid structures from selected systems bearing in mind the different bioactive behaviour of the phases. To this purpose the subsystem silicocarnotite- α-tricalcium phosphate was chosen because of the
first is bioactive and the second resorbable. The eutectoid material is formed by lamellae type microstructure of alternate layers of silicocarnotite and α-triclacium phosphate. The eutectoid material, in vitro esperiments, tranforms dissolving the α-tricalcium phosphate phase and forming, by pseudomorphic transformation of the silicocarnotite lamellae, a porous structure of hydroxyapatite, that mimic porous bone. The procedure developed by the authors opens the opportunity to obtain a new family of bioactive materials, with improved osseointegration, for which the general name of bioeutectoid® is proposed.
Keynote Forum
Sergey Sokovnin
Institute of Electrophysics, Russia
Keynote: Producing nanopowders for functional ceramics by pulsed electron beam evaporation method in vacuum
Time : 09:30-10:00
Biography:
Sergey Sokovnin has his expertise in pulse power technique, radiation technology and nanotechnology. He has developed a method for production of nano powders, including evaporation of a target by a pulsed electron beam, condensation of the vapor of the material in a low-pressure gas, and deposition of nano powders on a large cold square crystallizer. By this method, it is possible to produce oxide nano powders with the characteristic size of 3-5 nm and nano powder agglomerates with the characteristic size of 20-200 nm having the specific surface of up to 338 m2/g at the production rate of up to 10 g/h and the specific energy consumption of less than 120 Wh/g.
Abstract:
By method of pulsed electron beam evaporation in vacuum of targets from bulk state compounds of plain and complex oxides (ZnO-Zn, Al2O3, SiO2, CeO2,YSZ (Y2O3-8% Gd2O3 est.) and also fluorides (CaF2 and BaF2) nano powders (NPs) with a high specific surface were produced. The morphology magnetic, thermal and luminescence characteristics of NPs were measured. Than have studied the properties of ZnO ceramics sintered from the ZnO-Zn NPs to establish the influence of NPs prehistory on the luminescence and dilatometry properties properties of ceramics produced from them. Pressing was performed on uniaxial presses: static and the magnetic pulsed one. Sintering of ceramics was produced in air by heating to 1200°C in 60 min. Maximal density of the ceramics did not exceed 81, 25% of the theoretical density. The behavior of the shrinkage curves of ZnO-Zn NPs depends on their prehistory. The suppression of the ultraviolet emission in NP obtained by electron beam evaporation, and in ceramics sintered of them was established. Besides, two types of ZnO ceramics were fabricated and characterized by XRD, SEM methods. The radioluminescence spectra were measured within the 300-550K range.The thermostimulated luminescence (TSL) glow-curves were measured after X-ray irradiation at 300K. It was concluded that the complex overlapping peak within the 320-450 K temperature range consists of two components (~360-375K and 400-420K). The ratio of component intensities differs in both ceramics. The positions of high temperature TSL components (480-520K) also differ in both samples; therefore not only sintering conditions but also the properties of the initial powder are very important for characteristics of TSL. A linear dependence of peak intensity on irradiation dose was observed up to ~3 kGy for ceramic 1 and up to 9 kGy for ceramic 2.
Keynote Forum
Kenji Uchino
The Pennsylvania State University, USA
Keynote: Antiferroelectric shape memory ceramics
Time : 10:00-10:30
Biography:
Kenji Uchino is the pioneer in “piezoelectric actuators”, is the Founding Director of International Center for Actuators and Transducers, Professor of EE and MatSE, and Distinguished Faculty of Schreyer Honors College at The Penn State University. He was the Founder and Senior Vice President of Micromechatronics Inc., State College, PA from 2004 till 2010, and Associate Director at Office of Naval Research-Global from 2010 till 2014. After his PhD degree from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, he became Research Associate in 1976 at this university. Then, he joined Sophia University, Japan as an Associate Professor in 1985. He was recruited from The Penn State in 1991. He has authored 570 papers, 75 books and 31 patents in the ceramic actuator area. 48 papers/books have been cited more than 100 times, leading to his average h-index 70. He is the Fellow of American Ceramic Society and IEEE. He is currently the IEEE UFFC Distinguished Lecturer.
Abstract:
Antiferroelectrics (AFE) can exhibit a ‘shape memory function controllable by electric field’, with huge isotropic volumetric expansion associated with the AFE to Ferroelectric (FE) phase transformation. In the Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr0.6Sn0.4)1-yTiy]0.98O3 (PNZST) system, the shape memory function is observed in the intermediate range between high temperature AFE and low temperature FE, or low Ti-concentration AFE and high Ti-concentration FE. In the AFE multilayer actuators (MLA’s), the crack is initiated in the center of a pair of internal electrodes under cyclic electric field, rather than the edge area of the internal electrodes in normal piezoelectric MLA’s. The two-sublattice polarization coupling model is proposed to explain: (1) isotropic volume expansion during the AFE-FE transformation, and (2) piezoelectric anisotropy. We introduce latching relays and mechanical clampers as possible unique applications of shape memory ceramics.
- Ceramic Engineering | Ceramic Compounds: Ceramic Materials
Location: Armstrong
Chair
Sergey Sokovnin
Institute of Electrophysics, Russia
Session Introduction
Charles Hetzel
Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA
Title: Ceramics in particle accelerators
Time : 10:45-11:05
Biography:
Charles Hetzel has held the title of Lead Project Engineer for a design and manufacturing organization which produced automated industrial machinery prior to joining NSLS-II. Upon joining the NSLS-2 project he was responsible for the design, procurement and fabrication of the storage ring vacuum chambers including the integration of these chambers into the magnet-girder assemblies and final installation in the storage ring tunnel. He also managed the production of the rf shielded bellows for interconnecting the storage ring vacuum chambers as well as the photon absorbers which protect critical components. He took over as the Vacuum Group Leader at NSLS-2 in 2014 and continues to resource plan and schedule major installation efforts. Most recent efforts are focused on the design and development of a thin film coating system for ceramic vacuum chambers.
Abstract:
Ceramics help to solve several very challenging problems which are common in particle accelerators and x-ray science experiments. From providing electrical isolation and multipin vacuum feed throughs to magnetically transparent vacuum chambers, ceramics are the ideal material. In this presentation author will give an overview of some of the common uses of ceramics at NSLS-II as well as some of the more specialized ceramic vacuum chambers. Author will also go over some of the recent coating developments at Brookhaven which use DC magnetron sputtering to apply a thin layer of titanium to ceramic chambers. This film provides a conductive layer for the image currents generated by the stored particle beam while minimizing Eddy currents produced by the fast pulsing magnets required for beam injection.
D J Whitefield
University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Title: The use of 3D printing and gelation casting to fabricate complex ceramic parts
Time : 11:25-11:45
Biography:
D J Whitefield has worked in the manufacturing sector for the mining industry for 16 years. He was the Technical Manager responsible for plant and process improvement for BOART Longyear. He ran production for five years for BARAT Carbide optimizing process and streamlining the flow of materials through the plant in order to meet and improve quality standards and customer requirements. He was a Section Head at De Beers Research Laboratories responsible for research development of carbide diamond PCD drill bits for oil and gas drilling. Currently, he is a Senior Lecturer at The University of the Witwatersrand focusing on research in ceramics, 3D printing, tape casting, bio ceramics and tungsten carbide projects.
Abstract:
The question to be answered by this research is, can a complex shaped ceramic part be manufactured successfully by combining 3D (additive manufacturing) and gelation casting techniques? A 3D printed mold was produced using ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) filament which formed the negative of the part to be cast. Different gelation systems were used and the solids loading of the alumina ceramic powder in the gel were varied to optimize the systems viscosity. The alumina mixed with the gelation system was cast into the ABS printed molds. The parts were removed by dissolving the ABS mold in acetone. The combination of solids loading and gelation system had a significant influence on the sintered porosity and density of the final parts. An impeller shape was cast in this manner and achieved a density of 99% with an associated hardness of 18GPa. From the successful combining of 3D printing and gelation of alumina ceramic prior to sintering, components were manufactured with properties similar to alumina parts produced by classical processing methods.
- Electro-magnetic and Optical Ceramics and Devices | Surface Engineering and Ceramic Coatings | Alloys
Location: Armstrong
Chair
Slawomir Kaczmarek
Westpomeranian University of Technology, Poland
Session Introduction
Slawomir M Kaczmarek
Westpomeranian University of Technology, Poland
Title: Influence of nitriding process on magnetic properties of steel ball-like samples
Time : 11:45-12:05
Biography:
Slawomir M Kaczmarek has his expertise in evaluation and passion in materials science. He is a physicist by profession. For many years he was involved in optical and EPR spectroscopy of crystalline laser and scintillation materials produced by himself and other scientific centers in Poland, France and Japan. He mainly studied oxide materials such as garnets, lithium niobate, lithium tetraborate, melilites and fluorides doped with transition metals and rare earths. At the same time, he was a lecturer in physics, electronics and optoelectronics at the Military University of Technology in Warsaw and the West Pomeranian University in Szczecin. Recently, he became interested in the properties of powder materials, alloys, ceramics and nanomaterials, additionally conducting research on their magnetic properties using the SQUID technique. He is particularly interested in composite materials ranging from classic iron alloys to ceramic composites with nanoparticles.
Abstract:
The nitriding is a thermo-chemical treatment of the steel which improves its wear resistance, corrosion resistance and hardness. Gas nitriding is a thermo-chemical processing of steel implemented in the temperature range of 400-600ºC. The nitriding process takes place in conditions of forced flow of the nitriding atmosphere. At a constant temperature, depending on the value of the nitriding potential, the subsurface iron nitride layer formed may consist of only the γ'-Fe4N phase or a mixture of phases γ’-Fe4N and ε-Fe2–3N. A diffusion zone is formed under the iron nitride layer, in which nitrogen is dissolved interstitially in a ferritic matrix and carbonitrides of iron and alloying elements occur. The thickness and phase composition of the layers of iron nitrides are decisive on the resistance to corrosion and the abrasive wear of steel after nitriding. The diffusion zone, in the case of alloy steels, increases the fatigue strength of steel. The surface layer (core shell) appearing after nitriding treatment affects the magnetic and electric properties of the steel. Several AISI steel balls with different diameters and thermal treatments (Nx1021, Nx1025) were investigated using FMR and SQUID techniques. FMR spectra revealed wide and intense signals visible in temperature range from helium to room one. Position of each signal, being far from geff~2, as expected for iron magnetic ions, indicated on complex nature of responsible magnetic centers. Magnetization measurements have shown non-uniform behavior of the investigated samples with temperature variation. For most of them, having carbon content higher than 0.13 wt. %, the rise of magnetization with increasing temperature was observed, which strongly depended on applied magnetic field. For samples with carbon content lower than 0.13%, a drop in
magnetization was observed with increasing temperature, as usually for AISI steel. Significant magnetic anisotropy has been revealed, decreasing with increasing temperature.
The magnetization, M(T), dependence of the AISI_85-89 samples: a). AISI_420C (88) sample: precursor, Nx1021 and Nx1025 nitriding processes for H=100 Oe, b). AISI_420C (88) sample for H=10, 50 and 5000 Oe, c). hysteresis loops for AISI_1010 (85) (14 K) and the same sample underwent to Nx1025 process (20 and 230 K), hysteresis loops for AISI_420C (88) (15 K) and AISI_1085 (89): Nx1025 (10 K), and, e). M(T) dependence of AISI_1010 (85) and AISI_1010 (85) (Nx1025) samples for H=100, 300 and 500 Oe.
Anna Backerra
The Netherlands
Title: Four types of electrons, each allowing matter to behave in a specific way, according to twin physics
Time : 12:05-12:25
Biography:
Anna Backerra has completed her Graduation in Theoretical Physics at the Eindhoven University of Technology in The Netherlands and worked for three years at Philips Research Laboratories. She has continued independently, making a search for complementary physics. To develop a way of complementary thinking she studied composition at the Conservatory in Enschede and in Saint Petersburg. After that she constructed a complementary mathematical language and applied this on physics, obtaining twin physics. The results are published in Physical Essays, Applied Physics Research and combined in a book.
Abstract:
Using the Heisenberg principle and the definition of complementarity as defined by Max Jammer, formalism is developed, based on the concept that determinate and indeterminate aspects of phenomena are mutually independent and that they occur joined in nature in such a manner that one of both dominates an observation and the other occurs as a small disturbance. Combining this starting point with relativity theory, space may be considered as a finite physical item, having an extremely low energy density and a potential equal to that of mass. The basic item in the theory is the Heisenberg-unit, defined as a constant amount of potential energy and supplied with complementary attributes of time, space and charge. Only by interaction with another Heisenberg unit, potential energy can be transformed into physical items. Space is described in a geometrical way. The resulting complementary language creates a bridge between large- and small-scale phenomena. A series of elementary particles as well as the four forces of nature, neutron decay and gravitational waves can be described; the laws of Maxwell emerge in an easy way. Moreover four distinct types of electrons have been found, having features being unknown in classical physics. For instance they may have an unexpected large distance to a belonging atom, or a short-range magnetic field around. The geometrical description of their spatial features seems to make these descriptions suitable to apply rather straightforward to experimental results.
Oloyede O R
Afe Babalola Univerity, Nigeria
Title: Improving wear performance of multi-layer electroless Ni-based coating using laser heat treatment
Time : 12:25-12:45
Biography:
Oloyede O R is a dynamic scholar and research oriented fellow with track record of publications in notable international journals, who believes in solving industrial challenges through critical thinking. He is a specialist in Materials characterization, fabrication and corrosion control with excellent practical, teaching, and supervisory skills gathered over the years. He is a senior lecturer in the Mechanical Engineering Department, Afe Babalola Univerity, Nigeria. He is dedicated to academic excellence and his focus has being to remain a bridge and catalyst to lasting legacy in sound research and innovation in Materials & Mechanical Engineering worldwide! Dr. Oloyede, is an adaptable, resourceful and efficient researcher with excellent communication skills in the field of Advanced Materials. He is a consultant to Universities and firms in Nigeria, and he is constantly contributing to the world’s body of knowledge by adding values to engineering materials evolution, stability and better usage worldwide.
Abstract:
The industrial application of electroless nickel (EN) based plating in automobile, maritime and spacecraft parts manufacturing sector is growing by the day due to its high hardness, uniform thickness deposition as well as its excellent thermal, wear, impact and corrosion resistance. In this study, emphasis is on the formulation and deposition of multilayer duplex Ni-P/Ni-W-P coatings; as well as the observed microstructural and tribology behaviour changes between the as-deposited and laser treated coatings. The coatings were obtained from acidic electroless bath. The supersaturated as-deposited coats were observed to have been strengthened by precipitation of nickel phosphide crystallites as a result of controlled and suitable laser treatment. The morphological transformation was confirmed using optical and SEM while the observed change in mechanical property (increased wear resistance) was evaluated using pin-on-disc test apparatus. The results show the case of laser treated Ni-P/Ni-W-P duplex coatings offering better grain orientation/recrystallization, reduced porosity formation and improved wear resistance than in the asdeposited
coatings.
Osama M Ibrahim
Kuwait University, Kuwait
Title: Formation of aluminum-oxide layer on the surface of Fe-Cr-Al fibers
Time : 13:15-13:35
Biography:
Osama M Ibrahim has completed his Graduation at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA with a PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering and minor in Chemical Engineering. He has held various teaching, research & development, and executive management positions at RYPOS, Inc., University of Rhode Island, and University of North Carolina-Charlotte. Currently, he is a visiting Associate Professor at University of Kuwait.
Abstract:
The objective of this paper is to investigate the formation and adhesion of a protective aluminum-oxide layer (alumina) on the surface of Iron-Chromium-Aluminum (Fe-Cr-Al) alloy. The oxide scale layer was developed via multi-stage thermal oxidation that consists of the following heating stages: at 930°C for one hour, at 960°C for 1 hour, and finally at 990°C for 2 hours for a total of 4 hours, which represents one heat treatment cycle. Thermogravimetric Analyses (TGA) was performed to quantify the development of the oxide layer. The first sample was tested for one cycle of 4hours; while the second sample was tested for 18 repeated cycles of 4 hours for a total of 72 hours. Both
samples gained weight due to oxidation.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that one heat treatment cycle, results in the formation of predominantly alumina platelets like and whiskers. After 18 heat treatment cycles, however, the surface of the oxide scale layer becomes smoother and more uniform. Following vibration for1 hour consists of 50Hz for 30min, 100Hz for 15min, and finally at 150Hz for 15min and minimum handling of the two samples, peeling or spalling of the protective oxide layer was observed. Energy Dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the heat-treated samples of Fe-Cr-Al sintered metal fibers confirmed the high aluminum content on the surface of the protective oxide layer and the low aluminum content on the exposed base metal alloy surface.
Figure : FeCrAl fiber heat treated for 72 hours
Oloyede O R
Afe Babalola Univerity, Nigeria
Title: Effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mechanical properties of commercial aluminium 6063 alloy
Time : 13:35-13:55
Biography:
Oloyede O R is a dynamic scholar and research oriented fellow with track record of publications in notable international journals, who believes in solving industrial challenges through critical thinking. He is a specialist in Materials characterization, fabrication and corrosion control with excellent practical, teaching, and supervisory skills gathered over the years. He is a senior lecturer in the Mechanical Engineering Department, Afe Babalola Univerity, Nigeria. He is dedicated to academic excellence and his focus has being to remain a bridge and catalyst to lasting legacy in sound research and innovation in Materials & Mechanical Engineering worldwide! Dr. Oloyede, is an adaptable, resourceful and efficient researcher with excellent communication skills in the field of Advanced Materials. He is a consultant to Universities and firms in Nigeria, and he is constantly contributing to the world’s body of knowledge by adding values to engineering materials evolution, stability and better usage worldwide.
Abstract:
Commercial aluminium alloys are very versatile and second only to steels in use as structural engineering material. Meanwhile, heat treatment and alloying have been recognized as the major re-engineering procedures to obtain any desired specification. In this study, a clear case of the effect of post-production processing and its consequent microstructure and effectual changes in mechanical properties of a commercial Aluminum 6063 alloy is presented. The control sample is a normalized as-received aluminum alloy from Overseas Aluminum, India. It has been observed that at constant elemental composition; when this control sample was annealed at 260°C for 2 hours below its lower critical extrusion temperature of 413°C (775°F) and followed by regulated cooling at 10°C (50°F) per hour in a Muffler furnace, there was morphological
and property evolution. The samples were analyzed using Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy with inbuilt EDX. The observed change in morphology prompted further analysis using XRD to confirm possible phase transition in the alloy at constant elemental composition as a result of noted change in grain refinement, more ductility and toughness in the annealed sample. From the results obtained, it can be said that mechanical properties depends largely upon the various form of heat treatment operations and cooling rate. Hence depending upon the properties and the applications that may be required for any design purpose, a suitable form of heat treatment normalizing, annealing or quenching should be adopted. For high ductile and minimum toughness, annealed aluminium 6063 will give satisfactory results.
- Advanced Materials| Composite Materials
Location: Armstrong
Chair
P N De Aza
Miguel Hernández University, Spain
Session Introduction
Kenji Uchino
The Pennsylvania State University, USA
Title: Piezoelectric composites
Time : 14:15-14:35
Biography:
Kenji Uchino is the pioneer in “piezoelectric actuators”, is the Founding Director of International Center for Actuators and Transducers, Professor of EE and MatSE, and Distinguished Faculty of Schreyer Honors College at The Penn State University. He was the Founder and Senior Vice President of Micromechatronics Inc., State College, PA from 2004 till 2010, and Associate Director at Office of Naval Research-Global from 2010 till 2014. After his PhD degree from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, he became Research Associate in 1976 at this university. Then, he joined Sophia University, Japan as an Associate Professor in 1985. He was recruited from The Penn State in 1991. He has authored 570 papers, 75 books and 31 patents in the ceramic actuator area. 48 papers/books have been cited more than 100 times, leading to his average h-index 70. He is the Fellow of American Ceramic Society and IEEE. He is currently the IEEE UFFC Distinguished Lecturer.
Abstract:
Piezo-composites composed of a piezoelectric ceramic and polymers are promising materials because of their excellent tailorable properties. The geometry for two-phase composites can be classified according to the connectivity of each phase (1, 2 or 3 dimensionally) into 10 structures; 0-0, 0-1, 0-2, 0-3, 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 2-2, 2-3 and 3-3. In particular, a 1-3 piezo-composite, or PZT-rod / polymer-matrix composite is considered most useful. The advantages of this composite are high coupling factors, low acoustic impedance, good matching to water or human tissue, mechanical flexibility, broad bandwidth in combination with a low mechanical quality factor and the possibility of making undiced arrays by simply patterning the electrodes. The acoustic match to tissue or water (1.5 Mrayls) of the typical piezo-ceramics (20-30 Mrayls) is significantly improved when it is incorporated into such a composite structure, that is, by replacing some of the dense and stiff ceramic with a less dense, more pliant polymer. Piezoelectric composite materials are especially useful for underwater sonar and medical diagnostic ultrasonic transducer applications. In this presentation, other types of composites based on piezoelectric ceramics are also introduced. Piezoelectric energy harvesting devices comprised of ‘Cymbal’ have been applied for the engine vibration suppression and 1 W level energy harvesting in practice; while piezo-passive-dampers are comprised of a piezoelectric ceramic particle, polymer, and a carbon black, which suppress the noise vibration more effectively than traditional rubbers. Another type of composite with a magneto-strictive ceramic and a piezoelectric ceramic produces an intriguing product effect, the magnetoelectric effect in which an electric field is produced in the material in response to an applied magnetic field.
Nasrin Al Nasiri
Imperial College London, UK
Title: The oxidation behaviour of a melt infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiC matrix composite (CMC) at high temperature in air
Time : 14:35-14:55
Biography:
Nasrin Al Nasiri has joined Imperial in December 2010 as a PhD student in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Her PhD was about investigating the influence of microstructure of SiC materials on the mechanical behavior at room temperature. She was the first to quantify slow crack growth of SiC at ambient conditions. She has obtained her BSc and MSc degrees in Aerospace Engineering at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. After her PhD, she worked on the oxidation behavior of SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) and designing new environmental barrier coatings. She has been awarded with the Imperial College Junior Research fellowship in November 2016 for a funding of three years. In September 2018, she has started her Royal Academy of Engineering Research Fellowship where she will be investigating the performance of ceramic composites and developing coating technologies for aerospace, energy and automotive sectors.
Abstract:
Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) have received significant attention from many researchers for being excellent candidates for gas turbine applications. Using CMCs led to a significant improvement in fuel consumption and thrust to weight ratio in comparison to metal based alloys. In addition, the low density of CMCs allows potential weight savings of up to 30% comparing to Ni-based super alloys. Si-based ceramics have excellent oxidation resistance due to the formation of a protective silica layer when it reacts with dry air, however their oxidation behaviour is not fully understood. Oxidation behaviour of silicon melt infiltrated SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMC) was studied in air up to 1400°C for 1, 5, 24 and 48 h in a furnace. Weight gain and oxide layer thickness measurements were performed to study the oxidation kinetics and how the oxidation temperature and time affect the oxidation kinetics of SiC/SiC composites. Different characterisation techniques were used to study the formation and the
nature of oxide layer (SiO2).
Vandana A Mooss
Savitribai Phule Pune University, India
Title: PANI-ZnO nanocomposites embedded polyurethane films for antifouling applications
Time : 15:30-15:45
Biography:
Vandana A Mooss is presently doing her doctoral degree in Chemistry at the Department of Chemistry, SPPU, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Her area of research includes Polyaniline and its modified nanocomposites for anticorrosion, antifouling and supercapacitor applications.
Abstract:
Biofouling arising due to the nonspecific protein adsorption is a persistent challenge for any submerged surface and has a detrimental impact on the marine eco-system. The ensuing biocorrosion is accountable for an annual economic damage to the tune of ~ 500 billion USD. Additionally, it also affects adversely on the fuel efficiency by lowering of the cruising speed which eventually lead to the increased emission of greenhouse gases and unanticipated catastrophe related to structural failures. Hence, the eradication or prevention of biofouling process in the maritime/naval industries is highly relevant and offers a direct influence on economic, environmental or social factors. Commercially, strategies include the usage of biocides which is a major threat to the flora and fauna of marine eco-system. In the present work, a passive strategy is attempted specifically to inhibit the biofilm formation which is one of the crucial steps in the biofouling without possessing any bactericidal effect. Novel polyaniline- ZnO nanocomposites have been synthesized using an anti-nutrient natural chelating acid to render superior surface and mechanical properties. The antifouling property of the nanocomposite embedded polyurethane surfaces have been systematically investigated against marine bacteria, Vibrio harveyi (Gram negative) and Bacillus licheniformis (Gram positive) both qualitatively and quantitatively. The desirable properties of these nanocomposites could further envisage their utility in long-term maritime and naval applications.
